Ischemic Heart Disease In Patients: Incidence, Risk Factors, Management And Outcomes In Tertiary Care Hospital

• Ramseena Salih,*  
• Nayana P Kunderi,  
• Sandesh Uprety,  
• Sourav Dwivedy,  
• E. Satheesh Kumar,  
• YASHASWINI P..,  
• PADMA L

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) stands as the leading global cause of mortality, affecting populations across both developed and developing nations. While the death rate from IHD has decreased in developed countries over the past forty years, it still accounts for a significant one-third of fatalities in individuals aged 35 and older. Consequently, there is an urgent need for comprehensive strategies aimed at addressing the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases and improving cardiovascular health globally. This study focuses on assessing the incidence, risk factors, management, and outcomes of inpatient IHD at a tertiary care hospital. Conducted over six months, it involved 303 adult inpatients diagnosed with IHD, excluding pregnant individuals, psychiatric patients, and children. Data collection utilized patient case records and then documented in a well structured patient profile form. Statistical analysis employed appropriate software, calculating frequencies, percentages, and means to interpret results. During the study, 303 IHD cases were identified among 6,897 inpatients, comprising 4.39% of the total. Males predominated (70.6%), particularly in the 51-60 age group, where the highest incidence occurred. Risk factors included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of cardiovascular disease, and habits of smoking and alcohol consumption. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was the most common presentation, typically managed with antiplatelet and antihyperlipidemic therapies. Of the 124 patients undergoing surgery, 92% received percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting. Clinical improvement was noted in 92.4% of cases, with a mortality rate of 1.7%. Minimal adverse events included one major drug interaction and one stent rejection. This study highlights a high rate of clinical recovery and a low mortality rate among hospitalized IHD patients. Notably, approximately 4% of hospital admissions during the study period were due to IHD, underscoring its significant burden on healthcare resources.

Keywords

Ischemic Heart Disease, Hypertension,Diabetes Mellitus,NSTEMI,PTCA