Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common nosocomial infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The development of SSIs is influenced by various factors, including the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, which has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. An antibiogram is essential for summarizing the most important antibiotic resistance patterns in a hospital, and this study helps prepare one by identifying bacterial isolates and correlating antibiotic usage with their susceptibility patterns.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the bacteriological profile of SSIs and their respective antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The study aims at strategies to prevent surgical site infection and current antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery.
Methods: The study is an observational, cross-sectional, ambispective analysis conducted in the Department of Surgery. A total of 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. A predesigned proforma was used to collect data on demographics such as age and sex, as well as variables like BMI, comorbidities, prophylactic antibiotic use, and preoperative and postoperative waiting periods. These variables were compared between infected and non-infected groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software, with significant risk factors analyzed via binary logistic regression.
Results: Out of the 100 patients, 15 developed SSIs, with a higher incidence seen in females (8 cases) compared to males (7 cases). The incidence of SSIs was higher with increased preoperative stay and longer post-operative days. The most commonly used prophylactic antibiotic was Wakcef 1.5g. The highest incidence of SSIs was found in OBG (36.3%), followed by Orthopedics (28.5%) and General Surgery (6.15%).
Conclusion: The organisms isolated included *E. coli*, *Acinetobacter baumannii*, *MSSA*, *MRSA*, *Klebsiella aerogenes*, and *Klebsiella pneumoniae, with *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, *E. coli*, and *MRSA* being the most prevalent.This study highlights the importance of understanding SSIs to aid in diagnosis, early intervention, and better antibiotic use, ultimately reducing SSIs and improving healthcare efficiency.
Keyword: Surgical site infection, Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Antibiogram, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern,Surgical site infection prevention,Risk factors affecting surgical site infection.
