Introduction
C. glomerata is common macroalgae bloom that produces a lot of biomass in a short amount of time. Macroalgae are the most important primary producer in the aquatic ecosystem1 Algae formed the foundation of the aquatic food chain, and they were vital in maintaining CO2 in the carbon cycle via photosynthesis, as well as playing a significant part in biogeochemical cycles.2, 3, 4 C. glomerata consists of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds also contain various bioactive compounds including pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols), sulphated polysaccharides (fucoidan), amino acids, and mono- and polyphenols. Algal phenolic compounds were reported to have antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities.5, 6, 7 Humans have used land and aquatic plant extracts and essential oils as a natural cure against various illnesses for many decades in human history. It is widely used in food preservation and pharmaceuticals alternative medicine, antimicrobial, antifungal properties, and Antioxidant Properties.8, 9
The aim of the present study was to carry out the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of C. glomerata extract.
Materials and Methods
Plant collection
Samplings were carried out from Sawarde, Chiplun, Maharashtra during autumn in 2021. Samples of C. glomerata were collected manually from the riverside and rock. Then the sample was thoroughly rinsed with fresh distilled water to remove other materials. The algae biomass was sundried. Then the dried algae were powdered and weighed and store in a clean container.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity
Micro biological assay
A Petri dish is used to culture microorganisms (agar plates). Then petri dish were sterilized. This helps prevent the contamination of the new culture. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extract in vitro. Agar was used to culture different micro-organisms examined in this study. Against the wall of the tube above the liquid to remove excess inoculum. The entire surface of agar plate wash then swabs bed 3 times with the cotton swab, transferring the inoculum, while the plates were rotated by approximately 60ºbetween streak stone sure even distribution. The overall procedure of inoculums preparation and inoculation of culture media remained the same for all bacteria. Each bacterium was inoculated on 2 agar plates.12
Preparation of Agar Plates
Before starting, ensure that the Petri dish (dishes) is closed with its lid on until to pour the agar into them.
Sterilization of equipment’s and the chemicals
Nutrient agar medium and normal saline solution were sterilized in an autoclave at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 150 mins. Petri plates Whatman filter paper, cotton swab were sterilized in the oven at 160°C for 2 hrs.13
Preparation of nutrient agar medium slant
Nutrient agar powder 5gm was dissolved in 200ml distilled water, boiled and then poured in the test tubes then plugged with cotton and sterilized in autoclave at 15lbs for 15 min. After sterilization the tubes containing the nutrient medium were kept in an inclined position for 30 min. Then on the surface of theslant pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus and E.Coli were streaked in aseptic condition and incubated at 37̊ ° c for 24 hrs.
Table 1
Phytochemical screening of acetone extract of C. glomerata.
Table 2
Antibacterial activity of extracts of C. glomerata
|
Sample |
Test organism |
Zone of inhibition(mm) |
|
Acetone extract |
E. coli |
14.04 |
|
S. aureus |
20.7 |
|
|
Aqueous extract |
E. coli |
-- |
|
S. aureus |
-- |
Result and Discussion
Acetone extract were screened qualitatively for detection of phytoconstituents using general and specific chemical reagents as per the following.
