Introduction
Herbal cosmetic
The cosmetics which are formulated using herbs having cosmetic actions. Recently the use of botanicals in cosmetics has increase mainly due to mild action and toxic nature. In cosmetics, both natural and phyto ingredients are used Natural products includes oils, extracts, secretions etc. Phyto ingredients include pure constituents obtained by various processes.1
Advantages of herbal cosmetics
Natural Products: The Herbal cosmetics are natural and free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals which generally may turn out to be lethal to the skin.
Safe to use: Natural cosmetics are the protected to utilize. These are hypoallergenic and proven by the dermatologists to be safe to use anytime, anywhere Since they are made of natural ingredients, people don't have to worry about getting skin rashes or experience skin itchiness
Compatible with all skin: types No matter if skin is dark or fair; will find natural cosmetics like foundation, eye shadow, and lipstick which are appropriate irrespective of skin tone. Women with oily or sensitive skin can be also use them and never have to worry about degrading their skin condition
Wide selection to choose from: These products are more affordable than synthetic ones. They are offered at economical prices and are sold for a cheap price during sales. An estimate of WHO demonstrates about 80% of the world population depends on the natural products for their health care, because of side effects inflicted and rising cost of modern medicine
No side effects: The synthetic beauty products can irritate skin, and cause pimples. They might block your pores and make skin dry or oily with natural cosmetics, one need not worry about these. The natural ingredients use assures no side effects one can apply them anytime.
Cosmeceuticals: Cosmeceuticals is the fastest growing segment of the beauty industry Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic-pharmaceutical products intended to improve the health and beauty of the skin by providing a specific result, ranging from acne-control and anti-wrinkle effects.
Disadvantages of herbal cosmetics
Herbal Cosmetics have slower effects as compare to the allopathic dosage form.
Also, it requires long term therapy
They are difficult to mask taste and odor.
Manufacturing process is time consuming and complicated.1
Macroscopic characters
Leaves: Alternate, exstipulate, imparipinnate leaflets 5.0 10 cm in length lanceolate closely clustered towards the ends of branches. The leaves have serrate margin, green colour and bitter test.
Bark: Moderately thick, rough, brown in colour longitudinally and obliquely furrowed Internally starchy white, laminated with characteristic smell of neem and bitter in taste.
Chemical constituents
Good number of chemicals isolated from the plant belong to the classes diterpenes (sugiol), nibiol (bark), triterpenes: B-sitosterol, stigmasterol (leaf), Limonoids: Maliantriol (seed oil) nimbidinine (seed oil), Nimbendiol (seed oil and azadiractin (seed), sulphurous compounds Number of cyclic tri and tetrasulphides (leaves), flavonol glycosides Nimaton, quercetin, myrecetin, kaempferol. Neem leaves contain not less than 1.0% w/w of Rutin.2, 3
Biological source
Aloes is the dried juice of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis Miller, known as Curacao Aloe perryi Baker, known as Socotrine aloes; or of Aloe ferox Miller and hybrids of this species Aloe africana Miller and Aloe spicata Baker, known as Cape aloes, belonging to family Liliacea.
Geographical source
Aloes is indigenous to eastern and southern Africa and grown in Cape colony, Zanziba islands of Socotra. It is also cultivated in Caribbean islands, Europe and many parts including North West Himalayan region.
History
The word aloes has originated from an Arabic word viz. alloch meaning a shining bitter substance. Among the different species, 'vera' means true, 'ferox means wild, 'spicata' refers to flowers in spikes, and barbadensis' and 'africana' refer to habitat of the plant. Among the folklore uses it has been reported that in Congo region of Africa, the natives used to rub the mucilage of leaves for reducing perspiration and masking of human odour, thereby offering protection from wild animals. It is also known that Aloe barbadensis was used along with burnt alum for healing sore eyes.7
Cultivation and collection
The genus Aloe consists of about 200 species, some of which are used as sources of Aloes. These plants have rosettes of subulate, succulent large leaves (Fig. 9.1). The leaves are sessile and have a strong spine at apex and also number of spines along the margins. The lower portion is rounded and upper portion is slightly concave.8
For the cultivation, root suckers are used for propagation. The plants grow even in poor grades of soils and in dry climatic conditions. The root suckers are planted in the rows about 50 cm apart. Water logging near the plant must be prevented. The roots do not penetrate much in the soil. For the purpose of manure, a mixture of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus is used. The leaves are cut for the first instance in second year of cultivation and the drug is obtained from leaves for twelve years. After twelve years, the plants are completely harvested by uprooting and once again the land is worked for replantation. During the collection of leaves, a cut is given to leaves near their bases, by which the juice located in parenchymatous cells of pericycle exudes out, due to the pressure exerted by mucilage cells. A single incision is sufficient for drawing out all the juice from entire ystem of pericyclic cells. The preparation of various types of aloes is outlined here.9
Chemical constituents
All the varieties of aloe are the major sources of anthraquinone glycosides. The principal composition of aloe is aloin, which is a mixture of glucosides, among which barbaloin is the constituent. It is chemically aloe-emodin anthrone C-10 glucoside and it is water soluble
Barbaloin is a C-glycoside and it is not hydrolysed by heating with dilute acids or alkalis f chloride decomposes barbaloin by oxidative hydrolysis into aloe-emodin-anthrone, litl emodin and glucose.
Along with barbaloin, aloes also contains isobarbaloin, B-barbaloin, aloe-emodin and res The drug also contains aloetic acid, homonataloin, aloesone, chrysophanic acid, chrysa mcid galactouronic acid, choline, choline salicylate, saponins, mucopolysaccharides, glucosamin mexuronic acid, coniferyl alcohol, etc.
Uses
Aloes is used as a purgative. Its effect is mainly on colon. It has a stronger purgative action the series of all crude drugs with anthracene glycosidal content. To counter effect the gppy action, it is given with carminatives.10
Aloin is preferred now-a-days to aloes, both of which are official. Besides purgative aloes enjoys many other uses. It is an ingredient of compound tincture of benzoin (Friar's balsam
Aloe gel, formed in inner parenchymal cells of the leaf, is a slightly viscous and clear liqu During collection, it should not get contaminated with aloe juice. Such gel is used in topica therapeutic applications and also in many cosmetic products, but the therapeutic value, if t orally, is questionable. The gel possesses good moisturizing properties and also has formulation to For oil in water (approved by U.S.F.D.A.) preparation. It shows anti-inflammatory properties due The chemical contents like salicylates, carboxypeptidases (inactivating bradykinen) and magnesi actate (interfering with the conversion of histidine to histamine in the mast cells). The polysaccharide and sugar content have the role for hydrocolloid dressing and also osmote actericides. Aloe gel also increases the removal of dead tissue due to its Aloctine - A content which stimulates macrophage production. It is believed that only fresh gel probably has a role in treatment, burns and wounds.11
It is also used in the treatment of pains and itching and also to slow down ulceration and eratosis, Aloe gel is used in skin cosmetics as a protective due to its ant wrinkle properties. so used externally for painful inflammation.12 Following table distinguishes both the products suitably. 13
Materials and Methods
Material
Neem Leaves, Aloe vera leaves, sodium luryl sulphate, glycerine, rose oil and Methyl Paraben.14
Method
Extraction of neem
Fresh neem leaves are collected and shed dried for 15 days
The dried leaves then powered using mortar and pestle
The powered neem leaves are weighed 25gm and macerated in a beaker using 100ml of methanol.
The prepared mixture is kept covered with aluminium foil and kept for 3 days for maceration while stirring in between, and then the mixture was filtered using a filter paper.
The excess solvent is evaporated using a Rotary evaporator and then the remaining mixture was dried on a hot water bath.
The dried extract was collected and kept in desiccator for cooling
The prepared extract is weighed 15
Formulation of herbal hand wash
Hand wash was prepared by was adding 20 ml filtrate of ethanolic neem extract, in this filtrate 6 gm of sodium luryl sulphate was added, 2 gm of carbopol 934, 40 ml glycerin, 0.3 gm methyl paraben, 5 ml rose oil was added and volume was made up to 100 ml distilled water.
Table 1
Formulation of herbal hand wash
Evaluation of herbal hand wash
Physical Parametrs
Appearance: It was observed visually.
Color: It was observed visually
Odor: It was observed manually.
Homogeneity: It was observed visually.
Fragrance: It was based on individual observation for its acceptability. 5 people were asked for acceptability of fragrance and their opinion was taken. And fragrance was evaluated based on the below-described criteria
Fragrance was good, as good as the fragrance of reference hand wash.
Chemical parameters
pH Determination: pH was determined by using digital pH meter. 1 gm of formulated hand wash was taken and dissolved in 100 ml distilled water. pH of hand wash was adjusted using 40 % NaoH Solution.
Viscosity: The viscosity was determined by using digital Brookfield viscometer.
Foam Height: 0.5gm of sample of Herbal handwash was taken and dispersed in 25 ml distilled water. Then, transferred it into 500 ml stoppered measuring cylinder; volume was make up to 50 ml with water. 25 strokes was given & stand till aqueous volume measured upto 50 ml & measured the foam height; above the aqueous volume.
Foam Retention: 50 ml of the Herbal hand wash was taken into a 200ml graduated cylinder & shaken 10 times. The volume of foam at 1-minute intervals for 4 minutes was recorded.
Conclusion
The neem extract herbal handwash was successfully developed with antibacterial properties and enhanced quality with aloevera juice as soothing agent, carbopol 934 as gelling agent. Sodium luryl sulphate as surfactant, glycerine as moisturizing agent, Rose oil for fragrance. The formulated hand wash was evaluated for different parameters like pH, color, foaming efficiency, viscosity and stability. The hand wash was found to be stable in terms of physical parameters with good cleansing property.
Acknowledgment
I am thankful to the management of BM College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore for providing all the necessary thing to carry out my research work and heartily thankful to our principal Dr. Dharmendra Solanki for providing all the support and encouragement to carry out my research work.
